苦涩英语怎么说:’ 苦涩的”用英语怎么说？

「苦」的英文

形容词

• bitter 苦,辛酸,惨痛,沉痛,辛辣,严酷

• painful 痛苦,苦,酸痛

• miserable 悲惨,惨,凄惨,苦,辛酸,悒

名词

• pain 疼痛,痛,痛苦,疼,苦,苦痛

• suffering 痛苦,苦难,苦,疾苦,苦楚,苦痛

• bitterness 苦味,苦,苦楚

• hardship 困苦,苦,苦头,苦处,艰,苦衷

动词

• suffer 遭受,苦于,受苦,挨,受到,苦

副词

• painstakingly 精心,苦

• doing one’s utmost 苦

Dredged up bitter memories.
挖掘苦涩的记忆
a saline solution; salty tears.
含盐的溶液；苦涩的泪水。
hairy Eurasian plant with small yellow flowers and an astringent root formerly used medicinally.
欧亚的一种草本植物，具有黄色的花，其苦涩的根以前被用来入药。
For a time the news delighted labour MPs and trade union stalwarts: the city, at last, ws getting a taste of its own nasty medicine.
这条消息使工党的议员们和工会的忠贞分子高兴了好一阵：伦敦商业区终于快要得到同样苦涩的报应。
American editorial cartoonist noted for his realistic, bitterly comic drawings of front-line soldiers. He won a Pulitzer Prize in1944 and1958.
莫尔丁，威廉·亨利生于1921美国连环漫画家，因其以前线士兵生活为题材的现实的、带有苦涩的幽默的漫画而著名。他曾获1944年和1958年度的普利策奖
An aromatic Eurasian plant(Marrubium vulgare) having square stems, opposite leaves with white pubescence, and numerous white flowers in axillary cymes. The leaves yield a bitter extract used in flavoring and as a cough remedy.
夏至草一种芳香的生长于欧亚大陆的（欧夏至草欧夏至草属）植物，其茎宽阔；生有对生叶，上有白色短柔毛；有无数呈腋生聚伞花序的白色花。从其叶可提取一种苦涩的液体，用作调味品或咳嗽药
The sensation resulting from lack of warmth; chill.
扫兴，寒心由于缺乏热情而引起的感觉；寒心
This fantastic state of affairs dampens the ardour of our officers and men and wins applause only from the enemy;on no account must it be allowed to continue.
此皆将士寒心、敌人拊掌之怪现象，断乎不能容许者也。
Sourness of taste, character, or tone.
尖酸，苦涩，刻薄味道、性格或语调的尖酸
No, it smell tart.
不，这东西闻起来酸溜溜的。